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基金项目:江苏省财政厅、江苏省生态环境厅海洋科技创新项目“海上风电对江苏海洋资源生态的影响”(JSZRHYKJ202004)、 “江苏省东沙高泥区域海洋地质调查”(苏财资环[2020]20号),江苏省地质学会2022年重点学术研究课题和学术交流方向资助项目“海上风电场工程建设对地形地貌的影响分析”(JSDZXH-P2022-06)
作者单位
姚才华,范彦斌,张刚,等  
摘要:
      运用Kriging插值法构建蒋家沙风电场区建设前和建设后3期(2015年、2018年和2021年)水下地形三维模型。通过年际时间尺度的对比分析发现:风电场建设后,蒋家沙区域潮滩变低,范围扩大,地形趋于平坦;潮沟淤浅并向东北退移,范围缩小。2015—2018、2018—2021、2015—2021统计数据显示,3年间平均冲淤速率由-3.77 cm/a变为21.14 cm/a,6年间平均冲淤速率为8.18 cm/a。地形变化表现为建设后初期略有冲刷,此后强势回淤,总体处于弱淤积状态,该地形变化主要与辐射沙脊群区域沉积动力相关。根据2014—2019年区域余流流向数据,总体上看,泥沙的输运方向在近潮滩区域均指向潮滩方向,离潮滩区域以向东北输运为主;6年间潮滩范围逐渐扩大,泥沙向深槽输运,东部潮沟萎缩,持续向东北退移。在物源锐减和海平面逐年上升的背景下,研究区地形将长期处于弱淤积状态且淤积呈减缓趋势,风电场建设是该区域短周期内局部地形改造的主要因素之一。
关键词:风电场区  地形变化  余流  影响因素  江苏南通蒋家沙
Abstract:
      The three-dimensional underwater terrain models of Jiangjiasha wind power plant area were established before and after the construction of the plant (2015, 2018 and 2021) by Kriging meshing method. According to the comparative analysis on the interannual scale, the results show that the tidal flat in the Jiangjiasha area became lower, the range expanded and the terrain tended to be flat after the construction of wind plant. The tidal gully was shallow and receded to the northeast, narrowing in scope. According to the statistics from 2015 to 2018, from 2018 to 2021 and from 2015 to 2021, the average erosion and accretion rates in the study area changed from -3.77 cm/a to 21.14 cm/a in 3 years and 8.18 cm/a in 6 years. The change of topography showed slight erosion in the early stage after construction, and then strong back accretion and weak accretion in general. This topographic change is mainly related to the sedimentary dynamics of the radiating sediment ridge group. According to the data of regional residual flow direction collected from 2014 to 2019, the transport direction of sediment in the area near the tidal flat was toward the tidal flat, while the transport direction of sediment far away from the tidal flat was mainly toward the northeast. As a result, the tidal flat area gradually expanded in the past 6 years, sediment was transported to the deep trough, and the eastern tidal trough shrank and continued to retreat to the northeast. Under the background of sharp reduction of provenance and rising sea level year by year, the topography of the study area will be in a state of weak accretion for a long time with the trend of accretion slowing down, and the construction of wind power plant is one of the main factors of local topographic reconstruction in this region in a short period.
Keywords:wind power plant  topographic change  residual current  influencing factor  Jiangjiasha, Nantong, Jiangsu
姚才华,范彦斌,张刚,等.蒋家沙风电场区地形变化影响因素[J].地质学刊,2023,47(3):330-338