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| 基金项目：四川省自然科学基金项目“峨眉山大火成岩省相关流体活动对四川盆地西部二叠系栖霞组白云岩储层非均质性的影响”（2025ZNSFSC1185），成都工业学院博士基金项目“蛇绿岩各向异性压缩蠕变的微观特征研究”（2024RC003） |
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| 摘要： |
| 西南天山阿图什地区广泛发育中-晚泥盆世生物礁。通过野外观察和室内薄片分析，研究了西南天山阿图什地区巴音布鲁提、阿克其、托莫斯桥、吐古买提4个野外剖面出露的中-晚泥盆世生物礁的宏微观特征。其中，中泥盆统托格买提组主要发育层孔虫-珊瑚礁，层孔虫和珊瑚类型较为多样，是中泥盆世吉维特期早-中期全球海平面持续上升导致全球生物礁规模达到最大时的产物，礁体主要是位于台地边缘与滨岸带平行的堤礁，绵延达数千千米。与现代礁不同的是，层孔虫-珊瑚礁可以在低能和浑浊的水体中生长。上泥盆统坦盖塔尔组主要发育由表附菌和肾形菌组成的微生物岩，是因晚泥盆世弗拉期—法门期（F-F）大灭绝导致以层孔虫-珊瑚为主的后生动物礁生态系统结束后，法门期细菌类大量繁殖的产物，它们时常暴露于海平面之上遭受大气淡水淋滤，从而发育垮塌角砾岩（暴露岩溶）。研究成果填补了新疆西南天山地区泥盆系生物礁的研究空白，对于深入研究西南天山地区泥盆纪古气候、古生态有着积极的意义，对西南天山地区泥盆系生物礁油气藏的勘探亦有参考价值。 |
| 关键词：泥盆系 层孔虫-珊瑚礁 微生物岩 海平面 西南天山 |
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| Abstract: |
| The Atushi area of the southwestern Tianshan Mountains is extensively developed with Middle-to Late-Devonian reefs. Through field observations and thin section analysis, the macro-and micro-characteristics of the Middle-to Late-Devonian reefs exposed in four field sections from the Bayinbuluti, Akeqi, Tuomosiqiao, and Tugumaiti areas in the Atushi region were studied. The Middle Devonian Tugumaiti Formation primarily develops stromatoporoid-coral reefs, which are highly diverse in stromatoporoid and coral types. This reef system is a product of the global sea level rise during the early-to middle-Givetian stage of the Middle Devonian, which led to the maximum expansion of global reefs. The reef body is mainly developed as a barrier reef parallel to the platform margin and coastal zone, extending over several thousand kilometers. Unlike modern reefs, stromatoporoid-coral reefs can grow in low-energy and turbid water conditions. The Upper Devonian Tangaita′er Formation is primarily composed of microbialites formed by epiphytic bacteria and reniform bacteria. The microbialites resulted from a massive proliferation of bacteria in the Frasnian period after Late Devonian Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) mass extinction, which led to the end of the metazoan reef ecosystem dominated by stromatoporoid-corals. The resulting microbialites were often exposed to the sea surface and subjected to atmospheric freshwater leaching, leading to the formation of collapse breccia (exposed karst). This research fills the gap in studies on Devonian reefs in the southwestern Tianshan region of Xinjiang. It provides significant insights into the paleo-climate and paleo-ecology of the southwestern Tianshan Devonian, as well as valuable implications for the exploration of Devonian bioherm oil and gas reservoirs in the region. |
| Keywords:Devonian stromatoporoid-coral reef microbialite sea level southwestern Tianshan Mountains |
| 王翼君,杨 光,王振宇,等.西南天山阿图什地区泥盆系生物礁地质特征[J].地质学刊,2025,49(4):349-362 |
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