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| 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（41907141），污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室开放基金项目（PCRRF20034）江苏省自然资源科技项目“面向土地综合整治的耕地质量评价与生态修复技术研究”（KJXM2019011） |
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| 摘要： |
| 在江苏泰兴257家规模化养殖场地块布置1 032个土壤采样点，系统分析其重金属元素含量，通过单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合指数法、地累积指数法评价养殖场土壤的重金属污染程度，采用相关分析和聚类分析研究重金属污染的成因和来源。化学分析结果表明，养殖场土壤重金属元素含量的排序为Zn＞Cr＞Ni＞Cu＞Pb＞As＞Cd＞Hg，除Cu、Zn外，其他重金属元素含量低于研究区表层土壤背景值。单因子污染指数评价结果表明，养殖场土壤少数点位超标；内梅罗综合指数法和地累积指数法评价结果表明，土壤整体处于清洁状态。聚类分析结果表明：Cr、Ni、As主要源于自然界；Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb主要来源于饲料、畜禽粪便，以及不当排放的冲洗禽舍等污水；Hg可能受工矿企业活动影响。应加强对养殖场饲料、畜禽粪便、污水的管理，从源头上控制养殖场土壤重金属污染。 |
| 关键词：规模化养殖场 土壤 重金属 风险评价 R聚类分析 江苏泰兴 |
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| Abstract: |
| A total of 1,032 soil sampling points were set up in 257 intensive livestock farms in Taixing, Jiangsu Province. The heavy metal element content was systematically analyzed. The pollution degree of heavy metals in the soil of the breeding farms was evaluated by the single-factor pollution index method, the Nemero comprehensive index method and the Geoaccumulation index method. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis were used to study the causes and sources of heavy metal pollution. The results of chemical analysis show that the order of heavy metal element contents in the soil of the intensive farms is Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > As > Cd > Hg. Except for Cu and Zn, the contents of other heavy metal elements are lower than the background values of the surface soil in the study area. The evaluation results of the single-factor pollution index show that a few points of the soil in the intensive farms exceed the standard. The evaluation results of the Nemero comprehensive index method and the Geoaccumulation index method indicate that the soil is in a clean state as a whole. The results of cluster analysis show that Cr, Ni and As mainly originate from natural sources. Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb mainly come from feed, livestock and poultry manure, as well as improperly discharged wastewater from washing poultry houses, etc. Hg may be affected by the activities of industrial and mining enterprises. The management of feed, livestock and poultry manure and sewage in intensive farms should be strengthened to control heavy metal pollution in the soil of intensive farms from the source. |
| Keywords:intensive livestock farm soil heavy metal risk assessment R type cluster analysis Taixing in Jiangsu |
| 李文婷,刘 奇,刘 玲,等.规模化养殖场土壤重金属元素分布特征及污染评价[J].地质学刊,2025,49(4):443-450 |
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